FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEX IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH

Авторы
Файлы

Nakvasina E. N. Shavrina E.V. Feklistov P.A. Batalov A.E. Popova L.F. Kalinina O.Y. Filippov B.Y. KononyukG.A. Asoskova N.I. Kocherina E.V. Permogorskaya Y.M. Статья в формате PDF 122 KB

Biodiversity and state of flora and fauna, as well as diversity, state and properties of soils at the central (historical) part of Arkhangelsk city are studied. Lists of species of lichens, herbaceous and woody plants (according their taxonomic belonging) are composed. It is revealed the significant (to 35-40 %) reduction of a species composition of lichens and herbs in comparison to background territories. The state of lichens in conditions of northern city ecosystems and possibility of its usage as a bio-indicator of technogenic pollution of air are ***yzed. It fixed that city gardening is based on predominant use of deciduous introducted species of shrubs and trees. The state of stands of a larch (Larix sibirica L.), as the most widespread among coniferous plants in the gardening of Arkhangelsk, was investigated with use of a complex morpho-biometrical, physiological and biochemical parameters.

The widespread, dominant and infrequent species of birds in the city of Arkhangelsk are revealed, their taxonomic list is composed. The influence of the age of building on maintenance of diversity level of plants was also established. Species diversity in the suburbs is higher due to the presence of half natural and ruderal ecotope. The species composition and the population structure of one of the most widespread insects - ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) - is investigated. It fixed, that in comparison to coniferous forests, in suburban landscapes of the north (with domination of deciduous trees) the specific richness and catching of ground beetles are higher.

Physical-mechanical, agrochemical and microbiological properties of the basic types of city soils, providing their self-regeneration and autopurification in conditions of technogenic ecosystems, are investigated. The basic pollutants are revealed, their contents in soils of different types is ***ysed. Difference of city soils («culturozem», «urbanozem», «replantozem») from natural soils is shown. It fixed, that the most of city soils, because of exuberant content of sand, incomplete decomposition of organic substances, significant littering of surface soil layers and layers-mixing, can not provide autopurification and promote the accumulation of pollutants. They appreciably provoke a soil runoff without neutralization of the technogenic pollutants.

Preliminary recommendations for conservation of a biodiversity, for enriching of environment of city ecosystem and its components are given. Contents of gross and active forms almost 20 of bioorganic elements and elements- pollutant in Archangelsk soil is determined, regularity of contents of chemical elements from soil type and their genesis´ peculiarity.

The organization in the city the monitoring of soils as the basic parts of ecosystems is necessary. Such monitoring must provide not only observation of soils state from the point of view of their technogenic pollution, but also the control of their physical-mechanical and agrochemical properties causing the role of soils in the environmental-formation and environmental-purification.

It is also necessary:

- to make revision of technologies of building and reconstruction of grassplots, parks and avenues in the city;

- to increase the attention to selection of assortment of herbs, shrubs and trees used in city gardening, with the count of their bioecological features, stability to technogenic pollution and mechanisms of functioning in modified conditions of natural-technogenic complex of city ecosystems;

- to develop the program of conservation of a natural complex of cities in the north with the count of a state of environment, features of adaptations to it of ingredients of a nature (soils, plants and animals) and long-term plans of development of metropolitan agglomerations;

- to develop the complex program of ecological education of the population.

Investigations are support by grant RFFI and Arkhangelsk region administration № 02-04-97508

О ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ЛИЦАХ

Статья в формате PDF 152 KB...

09 05 2026 15:39:14

УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ДВИЖЕНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМОВ ДЕРЕВООБРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ СТАНКОВ И РЕЖУЩИХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ

Статья в формате PDF 204 KB...

08 05 2026 14:17:33

ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЕ ОДАРЁННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ

В настояще время весьма актуальной является задача поиска, отбора, поддержки и развития интеллектуально одарённых детей. «Трёхкольцевая модель одарённости» Рензулли включает следующие компоненты: высокий уровень интеллекта, креативность и усиленную мотивацию. Такие дети требуют дифференцированных учебных программ и особой педагогической поддержки. В современной пpaктике обучения используются педагогические стратегии и программы, которые предусматривают высокий уровень развития мыслительных процессов, совершенствование творческих способностей и быстрое усвоение знаний, умений и навыков. Процесс обучения одарённых детей требует создания особой образовательной среды. Ключевой фигурой в создании такой среды является учитель. Функция педагога состоит в сопровождении и поддержке, развитии личности ученика. Продуктивность взаимодействий обеспечивается включённостью ученика и учителя в общую целенаправленную деятельность. ...